問 題
ア～ウ の英文は、国際的な条約 (議定書などを含む) からの抜粋である。それぞれの条約が採択あるいは署名された年と条約名称 (通称) の組合せとして妥当なのはどれか。また、英文の一部を省略している場合もある。
ア. The Parties to this Protocol,
Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”,
In pursuit of the ultimate objective of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, (中略)
Have agreed as follows:(中略)
Article 3
1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregate anthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed in Annex A do not exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article,with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in the commitment period 2008 to 2012.(後略)
イ. The High Contracting Parties,
In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war, (中略)
Article 16
Should any Member of the League resort to war in disregard of its covenants under Articles 12,13 or 15,it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all other Members of the League, which hereby undertake immediately to subject it to the severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibition of all intercourse between their nationals and the nationals of the covenant-breaking State, and the prevention of all financial,commercial or personal intercourse between the nationals of the covenant-breaking State and the nationals of any other State, whether a Member of the League or not.
It shall be the duty of the Council in such case to recommend to the several Governments concerned what effective military, naval or air force the Members of the League shall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the League. (後略)
ウ. The States concluding this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the “Parties to the Treaty”, Considering the devastation that would be visited upon all mankind by a nuclear war and the consequent need to make every effort to avert the danger of such a war and to take measures to safeguard the security of peoples,
Believing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons would seriously enhance the danger of
nuclear war, (中略)
Have agreed as follows:(中略)
Article 3
1. Each Non-nuclear-weapon State Party to the Treaty undertakes to accept safeguards, as set forth in an agreement to be negotiated and concluded with the International Atomic Energy Agency in accordance with the Statute of the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Agency’s safeguards system, for the exclusive purpose of verification of the fulfilment of its obligations assumed under this Treaty with a view to preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. Procedures for the safeguards required by this Article shall be followed with respect to source or special fissionable material whether it is being produced, processed or used in any principal nuclear facility or is outside any such facility. The safeguards required by this Article shall be applied on all source or special fissionable material in all peaceful nuclear activities within the territory of such State, under its jurisdiction, or carried out under its control anywhere. (後略)
解 説
国際的条約の抜粋 とあるため、条約の鍵となる用語や表現を探して判断する、という意識で読むと判断しやすいです。
記述 ア ですが
Article 3 の 2 行目に「carbon dioxide」 や「greenhouse gases」とあり、3 行目に「do not exceed their assigned amounts」とあります。二酸化炭素、温室効果ガス、割当量というキーワードから「京都議定書」が妥当です。正解は 1 or 4 に絞れます。
記述 イ ですが
最後の段落において「effective military」、「contribute to forces to be used to protect」とあり、実効性のある武力 といった点が鍵と読み取れます。国際連盟における「全会一致形式という機動力に欠ける形式や、軍事力行使ができず、有効な制裁手段をもたなかった」という部分をふまえ生まれたのが国際連合です。記述と対応しているのは「国際連合憲章」と考えられます。
記述 ウ に注目します。
Article 3 の 5~6 行目に「preventing diversion of nuclear energy from peaceful uses to nuclear weapons …」とあります。「核エネルギーを平和的活用から核兵器へと広げることを妨げる」という記述です。対応するのは「核不拡散条約」が妥当です。
以上より、正解は 4 です。
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