問 題
次の英文は，我が国がこれまでに締結した条約の一部である。1951 年に締結され，我が国の主権回復を果たした条約として妥当なのはどれか。
1．The High Contracting Parties solemly declare in the names of their respective peoples that they condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it, as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another.
2．Japan and the United States of America,
Desiring to strengthen the bonds of peace and friendship traditionally existing between them, and to uphold the principles of democracy, individual liberty, and the rule of law,
Desiring further to encourage closer economic cooperation between them and to promote conditions of economic stability and well-being in their countries,
Reaffirming their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments,
Recognizing that they have the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense as affirmed in the Charter of the United Nations,
3．Japan and the Republic of Korea,
Considering the historical background of relationship between their peoples and their mutual desire for good neighborliness and for the normalization of their relations on the basis of the principle of mutual respect for sovereignty;
4．THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES,
In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security
by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war,
by the prescription of open, just and honourable relations between nations,
by the firm establishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of
conduct among Governments, and
by the maintenance of justice and a scrupulous respect for all treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another,
5．Whereas the Allied Powers and Japan are resolved that henceforth their relations shall be those of nations which, as sovereign equals, cooperate in friendly association to promote their common welfare and to maintain international peace and security, and are therefore desirous of concluding a Treaty of Peace which will settle questions still outstanding as a result of the existence of a state of war between them;
解 説
1951 年 主権回復 なので、第二次世界大戦・太平洋戦争後に関連して連合国諸国と日本との間に締結された平和条約である、サンフランシスコ平和条約と判断します。これは基礎知識です。
選択肢 1 ですが
「… condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies,…」の部分に注目すると「国際紛争解決のため 戦争に訴えることを避難する」という内容です。不戦条約であり、サンフランシスコ平和条約ではないと考えられます。選択肢 1 は誤りです。
選択肢 2,3 ですが
冒頭「日本とアメリカ」「にほんと韓国」とあり、それぞれ日米間、日韓間の条約と考えられます。連合国諸国と日本間で締結されたサンフランシスコ平和条約ではないと考えられます。選択肢 2,3 は誤りです。
選択肢 4 ですが
「by the acceptance of obligations not to resort to war」に注目すると「戦争に訴えないという義務を受け入れることによって」とあります。２行目の「In order to promote international co-operation and to achieve international peace and security」の内容が「国際協力を促進し、国際の平和と安全を達成するために」であることと合わせて、不戦条約であり、サンフランシスコ平和条約ではないと考えられます。選択肢 4 は誤りと考えられます。
選択肢 5 は妥当です。
冒頭「the Allied Powers and Japan」、すなわち「連合国と日本」となっていることからも妥当と判断できるのではないでしょうか。
以上より、正解は 5 です。
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