問 題
国際連合設立後の異なる条約から抜粋した文章ア，イ，ウについて，古いものから年代順に並べたものとして妥当なのはどれか。
ア．The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence recognised by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security.
イ．ARTICLE 3
1．The High Contracting Parties agree that an armed attack by any State against an American State shall be considered as an attack against all the American States and, consequently, each one of the said Contracting Parties undertakes to assist in meeting the attack in the exercise of the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations.
2．On the request of the State or States directly attacked and until the decision of the Organ of Consultation of the Inter-American System, each one of the Contracting Parties may determine the immediate measures which it may individually take in fulfillment of the obligation contained in the preceding paragraph and in accordance with the principle of continental solidarity. The Organ of Consultation shall meet without delay for the purpose of examining those measures and agreeing upon the measures of a collective character that should be taken.
3．The provisions of this Article shall be applied in case of any armed attack which takes place within the region described in Article 4 or within the territory of an American State. When the attack takes place outside of the said areas, the provisions of Article 6 shall be applied.
4．Measures of self-defense provided for under this Article may be taken until the Security Council of the United Nations has taken the measures necessary to maintain international peace and security.
ウ．Japan has this day signed a Treaty of Peace with the Allied Powers. On the coming into force of that Treaty, Japan will not have the effective means to exercise its inherent right of self-defense because it has been disarmed.
There is danger to Japan in this situation because irresponsible militarism has not yet been driven from the world. Therefore Japan desires a Security Treaty with the United States of America to come into force simultaneously with the Treaty of Peace between Japan and the United States of America.
The Treaty of Peace recognizes that Japan as a sovereign nation has the right to enter into collective security arrangements, and further, the Charter of the United Nations recognizes that all nations possess an inherent right of individual and collective self-defense.
1．ア→イ→ウ
2．イ→ア→ウ
3．イ→ウ→ア
4．ウ→ア→イ
5．ウ→イ→ア
解 説
文章 ア ですが
冒頭１～２行目部分の「ヨーロッパ or 北米の 加盟国 もしくは 複数加盟国への攻撃は、全加盟国への攻撃とみなし」という記述、３～４行目の「collective self – defence：集団的自衛」、１段落目の最後「North Atlantic area：北大西洋エリア」という部分から、北大西洋条約と考えられます。条約の締結は 1949 年です。
文章 イ ですが
項１ の１～２行目部分の「armed attack … against an American State shall be considered as an attack against all the American States」という記述から、アメリカの一つの州への攻撃を、全州への攻撃とみなす という内容が含まれます。項３の２行目終わりにも「… within the territory of an American State」とあります。 米州の防衛条約なので「米州相互援助条約（リオ条約）」と考えられます。条約締結は 1947 年です。
第二次世界大戦当時からアメリカ合衆国主導により、国際連合憲章とともに推進されていた条約です。ちなみに、その過程で、国連憲章51条に “rignt of collective self-defense”（集団的自衛権）を明記させる原因となった条約と位置づけられています。
文章 ウ ですが
冒頭の「日本が連合国との平和条約に署名」という部分から、サンフランシスコ平和条約と考えられます。1951 年です。
従って、イ → ア → ウ です。正解は 2 です。
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