問 題
【No. 17】 次は、四つの野菜について説明した記述であるが、Ａ～Ｄに該当する野菜の組合せとして最も妥当なのはどれか。なお、 □ については、設問の都合上、伏せてある。
Ａ：Two main □ types are currently grown. (1) The determinate or ‘bushy’
□ is mainly used for processed food and is the most important outdoor
commercial type in USA. It has one time-limited flowering period followed by
a period of fruit development. (2) The indeterminate or ‘vine’ □ , largely
used for production of fresh fruits in greenhouses and home gardens, produces
inflorescences and flowers continuously throughout the plant’s life. As a result,
total yield of indeterminate cultivars is usually not affected by flower initiation.
Ｂ：The □ is a trailing or climbing plant with hairy, angular stems, leaves
with three to five lobes and long petioles. The flowers are axillary, staminate flowers,
being more numerous than the pistillate. Under long days and high temperatures,
the plant produces more staminate than pistillate flowers. However, under cooler
conditions, the ratio of pistillate to staminate flowers increases. It is a common
experience that □ yield depends upon the number of female flowers
produced by the vine, and growers are naturally interested in a variety that gives
more female flowers or adopting cultural practices to increase the number of
female flowers on the vine.
Ｃ：The □ is a herbaceous perennial that has a central stem or crown from
which leaves, roots, runners and inflorescences emerge. The crown consists of a
central core surrounded by a vascular ring. The core is composed primarily of pith,
with a thin cambial layer surrounding it. (中略)
The leaves are arranged spirally; each sixth leaf is above the first. The leaves
are generally pinnate and trifoliate.
Ｄ：Modern □ cultivars can be grouped into four or five types, according to
plant form and predominant use. The crisphead (or iceberg) forms firm, closed
heads resistant to mechanical damage and is tolerant of long-distance shipping. It is
the most important type grown, and forms the bulk of production in North America.
The butterhead type forms loose, open heads, and has soft leaves easily damaged in
handling.
解 説
英文は全て読む必要はありません。
わかる単語や文だけ目を通しましょう。
A ですが、選択肢より「カボチャ」か「トマト」です。(2) の冒頭で「… in greenhouses and home gardens,…」とある点に注目するとわかりやすいと思われます。温室や庭で育てる野菜となれば、トマトの方が妥当と判断できます。正解は 3 ~ 5 です。
B ですが、選択肢より「ピーマン」か「キュウリ」です。冒頭の「…trailing or climbing plant」から「這い上っていく」というイメージを読み取れると、つるを上へ伸ばしていく野菜なのでキュウリと判断できるのではないでしょうか。これにより、C はイチゴ、D はレタスとわかります。
ちなみに
カボチャ：Squash
トマト：Tomatoes
ピーマン：Bell peppers
キュウリ：Cucumbers
アスパラガス：Asparagus
イチゴ：Strawberries
レタス：Lettuce
キャベツ：Cabbage です。
以上より、正解は 5 です。
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